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\documentclass{scrartcl}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\begin{document}
\begin{tabular}{cc}
\textbf{Funktion $\boldsymbol{f(x)}$} & \textbf{Ableitung $\boldsymbol{f'(x)}$} \\
$x^2$ & $2x$
\end{tabular}
\end{document}